Twittering Machine
by Paul Klee
Twittering Machine (Die Zwitscher-Maschine) is a 1922 watercolor and pen and ink oil transfer on paper by Swiss-German painter Paul Klee. Like other artworks by Klee, it blends biology and machinery, depicting a loosely sketched group of birds on a wire or branch connected to a hand-crank. Interpretations of the work vary widely: it has been perceived as a nightmarish lure for the viewer or a depiction of the helplessness of the artist, but also as a triumph of nature over mechanical pursuits. It has been seen as a visual representation of the mechanics of sound.
Composition 10 in black and white is an abstract, elliptical composition of short, horizontal and vertical black lines. The rolling waves can be seen in the long, straight horizontals in the middle of the painting, while the abstraction of a breakwater is recognizable in the vertical lines at the bottom of the painting.
Although the starting point of the painting is still the visible reality, it is clear that Mondriaan is no longer interested in the recognizable representation of nature. He is mainly concerned with the bringing together of opposites, the horizontal and vertical, to thereby express a general idea of harmony and rhythm.
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